The roundtable discussion started with the presentation of Dr. Carmen Lagman of her Special Study with the same title. With so much at stake, control of the fisheries could be a source of economic and political tension in the region. Dr. Lagman provided an overview of the status of biodiversity and fisheries in the South China Sea region and the Philippines, arguments for the joint management of the fisheries in the South China Sea using an ecosystem-based perspective, and courses of action that the Philippine government can take with regard to fisheries in the country and in the South China Sea. Thereafter, feedback to Dr. Lagman’s Special Study were given by experts.